FINANCE JOURNAL

This journal is a structured reference on Canadian finance, accounting, and taxation, prepared as a programme of independent study. It is organised in two parts: the financial affairs of individuals, and the financial, tax, and regulatory framework of businesses. Federal rules are stated for all of Canada, and the variations among the ten provinces and three territories are identified throughout. Figures are stated for the 2026 taxation year unless otherwise indicated, and are drawn from the Canada Revenue Agency, Revenu Québec, provincial ministries of finance, and the CPA Canada Handbook.

PART I: INDIVIDUAL

Tax: residency, the structure of the T1 computation, information slips, deductions, non-refundable and refundable credits, federal and provincial rates, special regimes, principal forms, and filing and compliance.
Benefits: the Canada Child Benefit (Form RC66), the Canada Groceries and Essentials Benefit (formerly the GST/HST credit; Form RC151 for newcomers), the Ontario Trillium Benefit (Form ON-BEN), and the benefit programmes of every province and territory.
Investing: principles of investing and the taxation of investment income, with detailed pages on the Tax-Free Savings Account, the Registered Retirement Savings Plan, the First Home Savings Account, the Registered Education Savings Plan and Registered Disability Savings Plan, and non-registered accounts.
Budgeting: personal financial statements, budgeting frameworks, emergency reserves, debt management, credit reporting, housing affordability standards, and the prioritisation of surplus cash flow.

PART II: BUSINESS

Types of Businesses: business structures in Canada, with detailed pages on the sole proprietorship, the partnership, and the corporation. Each structure has its own Bookkeeping, Payroll, and Tax pages, including provincial and territorial variations.
Bookkeeping Fundamentals: the accounting cycle, the accounting equation and T-accounts, journal entries, the general ledger and trial balance, the income statement, the balance sheet, the cash flow statement, and record keeping.
Payroll: statutory deductions, employer contributions, remittance schedules, year-end reporting, provincial payroll taxes, workers' compensation, and minimum wages.

NOTE ON USE

This journal is prepared for educational purposes and summarises legislation and administrative guidance as understood at the date of preparation. It does not constitute tax, legal, accounting, or investment advice. Rates and thresholds are indexed or amended periodically and should be confirmed against current official sources before being relied upon.